KPV

KPV is the naturally occurring C-terminal tripeptide (Lysine-Proline-Valine) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), corresponding to residues 11-13 of the parent tridecapeptide. Despite being only three amino acids, KPV retains specific biological signaling properties distinct from the full-length α-MSH molecule.Laboratory research has investigated KPV's modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, independent of classical melanocortin receptor (MCR) binding. In-vitro studies in macrophage and epithelial cell models have examined its effects on NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκB-α degradation, and downstream inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8). Research has also explored its interaction with intracellular signaling cascades in intestinal epithelial cell models and its transepithelial transport characteristics.Molecular Weight: 342.43 g/mol. Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val. Appearance: White lyophilized powder. Solubility: Freely soluble in water. Storage: -20°C lyophilized, 2-8°C reconstituted. Small peptide size allows for higher molar concentrations per mg.